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A multifaceted reflector (typically abbreviated MR) gentle bulb is a reflector housing format for halogen in addition to some LED and fluorescent lamps. MR lamps had been originally designed to be used in slide projectors, but see use in residential lighting and retail lighting as effectively. They're suited to purposes that require directional lighting corresponding to observe lighting, recessed ceiling lights, desk lamps, pendant fixtures, landscape lighting, retail display lighting, and bicycle headlights. MR lamps are designated by symbols resembling MR16 where the diameter is represented by numerals indicating models of eighths of an inch. Frequent sizes for common lighting are MR11 (11⁄8 inches, 35 mm) and MR16 (16⁄8 inches, fifty one mm), with MR8 (8⁄8 inch, 25 mm) and MR20 (20⁄8 inches, 64 mm) utilized in specialty functions. Many run on low voltage relatively than mains voltage alternating present so require a power supply. 3,314,331 for a miniature reflector lamp in 1967. The innovation was utilizing the lamp rim, quite than the base, because the reference airplane for focusing.
This allowed extra flexible electrical mounting arrangements and more exact focusing. Most MR lamps include a halogen capsule (or, bulb) built-in with a pressed glass reflector with a base conforming to bi-pin GU5.Three customary. The reflector controls the direction and spread of gentle forged from the lamp. Some lamps use an aluminum coating as a reflector. Others use selective dichroic coating that reflects seen light and allows infrared radiation to pass through. This sort reduces heating of illuminated objects since much less infrared radiation is present in the sunshine beam. Nevertheless, dichroic lamps should solely be utilized in compatible fixtures that can dissipate the heat. Dichroic lamps must not be fitted to recessed or enclosed luminaires with the IEC 60598 No Cool Beam symbol. The brightness of MR lamps might be adjusted when used with applicable gentle fixtures and dimmers. However, the coloration temperature modifications considerably when the lamp is dimmed, shifting dramatically to the warmer end of the spectrum.
Like all halogen lamps, MR lamps produce important heat and care have to be taken to keep away from contact with pores and skin or proximity to flammable materials when the lamp is on or has been on just lately. Halogen lamps (18 lm/W typical) are more vitality efficient than regular incandescent lamps (15 lm/W typical) but nonetheless fall far behind other more-latest types equivalent to fluorescent lamps (80-100 lm/W), gasoline discharge lamps (100-200 lm/W relying on types), and LEDs (125-150 lm/W typical in vibrant white relying on type). With each types of incandescent bulbs, useful life can be significantly shortened if their filaments expertise mechanical shock or vibration. Using an electronic transformer with a soft start function can significantly extend life, because it reduces the characteristically excessive inrush present that occurs initially when the lamp is cold. Dimming also extends life significantly. MR lamps, like all quartz-halogen lamps, EcoLight bulbs produce some undesirable ultraviolet gentle. Normally, EcoLight solar bulbs this should be filtered out.
Also, the quartz capsules of the lamps might rupture or explode upon failure of the lamps. For these two reasons, some MR lamps include a cowl glass that serves as an built-in ultraviolet filter and explosion shield. MR16 lamps missing this cowl require the usage of a fixture that incorporates an exterior piece of glass specifically designed to provide each ultraviolet and physical protection. MR lamps can be found in 10-75 watt power rankings (150-800 lumens). MR lamps most frequently function at 12 volts, although they are additionally accessible in different voltages. These lamps use a bi-pin connector for energy: 12-volt MR11 energy-efficient bulbs usually use a GU4 base, and 12-volt MR16 bulbs usually use a GU5.3 base. The widespread 12-volt MR16 lamps, therefore, require a ferromagnetic or digital transformer-generally misnamed as a ballast-to convert the 120- or 230-volt mains voltage to the extra-low voltage required by the lamp. Certain MR lamps can function immediately on the mains voltage. These lamps typically use a GU10 turn-and-lock base, in order that they cannot be by chance interchanged with low-voltage lamps.
GU10 is distinguished from the decrease-voltage MR lamps by the U-shaped ceramic base mount with a 10 mm (pin middle-to-middle distance) 2-pin bayonet mount. MR16 lamps with an integrated transformer are additionally accessible. These lamps have screw bases to suit customary medium-base Edison sockets. MR lamps are commonly out there in vary of shade temperatures, from about 2700 K to 7000 Ok, to satisfy numerous applications. Retrofit lamps that generate light by a distinct precept however uses the MR type-factor can be found. For instance, LED-based mostly MR16 lamps seem just like halogen lamps and might be utilized in most fixtures designed for MR lamps. The identical is true of MR11-suitable LED lamps. Fixtures designed for halogen MR16 or MR11 lamps that use digital transformers could have to be retrofitted with LED-appropriate transformers. There may be a large variety of designs, various considerably with regard to beam width, mild colour, efficiency and luminous energy.